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Dashboard

We are currently in the process of developing an interactive dashboard that includes all 967 validation studies. As a first step, we enter all relevant information from the studies into a database. Thereafter, we are planning to set up an interactive dashboard with various functions such as filtering by specific wearables, wearing positions, or other information. In the future, researchers should be able to regularly add recent validation studies independently.

In the following we will list our steps and the progress we are making.

Identify and Extract Interesting Information

First, we need to collect all the studies we have identified in the reviews and extract the relevant information from each study.

Extracting data from studies: 100%

Cleaning up Study Entries

In the next step, the extracted data must be cleaned and prepared for insertion into a database.

Cleaning up study entries: 100%

Building the Database

Once the data has been cleaned and prepared for insertion into a database, the database is created. At the same time, a repository is created in which all data is available openly and unprocessed, enabling new data records to be entered, existing data records to be corrected and obsolete data records to be deleted, for example.

Adding study entries to database: 80%

An initial look at the results of our database work

Top 50 most validated devices

Quality of studies structured by setting and outcome

Number of studies per wearable position


Statistical summary of 967 published validation studies in total, and categorized for each dimension of the 24-hour physical behavior construct.

      Intensity   Posture/Activity Type   Biological State  
    Total Laboratory Free-Living Laboratory Free-Living Laboratory Free-Living
Target group Pre-school children (≤ 4 yrs.) 17 --- 6 1 2 4 4
  School children (5-12 yrs.) 138 63 38 10 8 12 7
  Adolescents (13-18 yrs.) 36 16 7 2 --- 9 2
  Adults (≥ 18 yrs.) 808 420 154 70 36 80 48
Study location Africa 4 1 2 --- --- 1 ---
  Asia 67 33 15 1 3 9 6
  Europe 382 175 89 54 29 19 16
  North America 456 252 86 19 11 58 30
  Australia/Oceania 105 44 12 14 5 22 8
  South America 6 5 1 --- --- --- ---
Participants ≤ 19 278 110 50 32 26 18 42
  20-50 664 331 114 45 20 59 95
  ≥ 51 181 69 42 11 2 28 29
Sex assigned at birth (% female) 0-25 103 42 24 11 7 13 6
  26-74 737 370 147 61 30 80 49
  75-100 122 62 25 13 8 9 5
Criterion measure Doubly labeled water 57 --- 57 --- --- --- ---
  Indirect calorimetry 283 267 8 8 --- --- ---
  Observation (direct) 173 128 14 26 4 1 ---
  Observation (video) 194 129 6 53 19 1 2
  Polysomnography 132 --- --- --- --- 101 31
  Questionnaire/diary 21 1 7 --- 4 1 8
  Wearable 198 45 114 4 19 --- 16
Outcome Sleep time/metrics 166 --- --- --- --- 106 60
  Different postures/types 125 --- 1 88 36 --- ---
  Intensity time (SB) 48 10 38 --- --- --- ---
  Intensity time (LPA) 34 10 24 --- --- --- ---
  Intensity time (MVPA) 70 18 52 --- --- --- ---
  Energy Expenditure 348 255 93 --- --- --- ---
  Steps 359 268 91 --- --- --- ---
  Counts 64 47 16 --- 1 --- ---